Slavery and Abolition

Historical Perspective Of Renaissance Florence - 933 Words

Historiography The scholars who have documented the history of Florence in the Italian Renaissance observes Machiavelli in his Florentine Histories (Istorie fiorentine), tending to begin work there. The works of Machiavelli and Guicciardini have been useful in the studies of Renaissance Florence, through the direct translation of Latin, giving history from the view of these humanist historians of 15th century. Other authors have focused on the works of Bruni, Bracciolini and Scala, as in a relatively modern outlook to the study of Renaissance Florence has seen the difference in perspective of what occurred in Renaissance Florence leading historians to take a deeper look at these humanist. Authors looking at the historical perspective of Renaissance Florence tend outline the aspects of the past and present state of studies in this field of the Renaissance and Renaissance Florence. In recent years, American scholars have concentrated on the methods and ideas in history rather than the specific prob lems of these Florentine information gaps. Historians within the modern study tend to only focus on the primary sources within the region, rather than try to look outside the area for references to said events. The tradition study of Florentine historiography tends to only focus questions asked and answered about Bruni, Bracciolini and Scala. In Dr W s Book, he states historians tend to ask certain questions: What interests and engages the author?; What is the substance of hisShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance and Italys Decline1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Renaissance and Italys Decline Definition: The period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values. 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Development of New Lenovo Computer Models †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Development of New Lenovo Computer Models. Answer: Introduction Every computer model is unique in its structure, operating environment as well as technical requirements. Development of new Lenovo computer models is subject to several constraints that hugely influence their success. These constraints may also limit the commencement and progression of the new initiatives. At the end, there may be a negative impact on the success of the new laptop computer models in the market. The company is likely to incur huge losses in the event that the new laptop models are not fully embraced by the targeted customers. It is therefore important for all the constraints to be identified before the manufacturing of new Lenovo laptop models can commence. Lenovo Company would develop a master plan and schedule a look-a-head program before the models are finally designed and released to the public. The company would prepare a detailed schedule which would reflect the field conditions. There would then be professionals who would be able to implement the program. Anal ysis of the expected constraints and proper scheduling of the programs would be a critical component in ensuring the success of the program. This research proposal intends to provide constraint analysis that would be of great importance in organizing a look-ahead scheduling (Punch, 2006, p. 1). Computer innovation industry has over the past years recognized the importance of developing reliable and constraint-free programs. However several innovation projects are affected by cost constraints and delays. These problems mostly come as a result of failure to identify constraints and effectively act against them. It is impossible to avoid subsequent conflicts and losses if constraints are not properly identified earlier and effectively managed. Projects that are currently designed by companies have generally become technically complicated (Punch, 2006, pp. 32-34). Logistical challenges complicate matters even further. They tend to depict construction constraints as being very complicated. In addition scheduling methods which have been used in the past such as critical path methods and drawing of bar graphs have some disadvantages. They limit the capacity of identifying constraints and establishment of the most appropriate solutions to the constraints. Blames have been raised ov er these methods. Many people have claimed that the methods have limited modeling, the creation of new designs and communication of constraints. There are also people who have blamed the methods for their inability and failure to evaluate constraints (Denscombe, Martyn, 2012, pp. 3-5). In order to develop new Lenovo computer models, conceptual frameworks would be addressed before any project work is undertaken. Business research objectives The main goal that this research seeks to achieve is to develop a Management system that would address all the constraints that are likely to hinder the development of new Lenovo computer models. This study provides a clear literature review and industrial practices that can effectively eliminate constraints that are associated with the development of new computer models. The objective of the study is therefore to provide industrial practices that would eliminate all possible constraints associated with the development of new laptop computer models. The study also has some other sub-objectives as follows: To review the sources as well as characteristics of constraints associated with development of new computer designs To provide a classification mechanism that would facilitate easier identification of constraints To review industry practices that are currently employed by competitors in coming up with new computer designs To provide a conceptual framework that would ensure total constraint Management The result obtained from this study would be of great importance to computer manufacturers and related designers who are tasked with the duty of coming up with new computer models. These kinds of people would be able to know factors that they must consider before they come up with new computer designs (Punch, 2015, p. 3). Past reviews by Lenovo Company have focused primarily on creating an understanding of some particular constraints. The constraints include resource, technological, information and special constraints. However, very little progress has been made to ensure that the constraints can be classified according to some criteria. In an effort to resolve the constraints that are likely to be faced, there are several recommendations that have been put in place. It has been recommended that there would be the use of CPM methods which would effectively handle constraints that are related to time. It would hence be possible to tell the most appropriate time for the designing and introduction of new Lenovo computers into the market (Maree Westhuizen, 2009, p. 9). Lenovo Company would not be able to make a lot of profits if they introduce new computer designs into the market at a time when there are several designs which have just been introduced by their competitors. CPM-based methods would also ma ke it possible for Lenovo Company to be able to beat any time deadline. Knowledge-based systems would also be used to facilitate automation of activities that would generate a work-plan to be used. Constraints would be visualized and communicated through the use of visualization techniques that include 3D, Virtual Reality, and 4D. There has been the lack of a structured approach that is necessary for the Management of constraints. The structured approach that has been proposed would first be put to test before they are finally implemented. The company intends to develop two new computer designs in the first case. However, they will not be released to the public market. They will only be accessed by the company staff members who work within the enclosure of the company. The production of the two computer model designs is aimed at identifying possible constraints that are likely to arise when the company finally produces new computer models to the public. Once all the constraints have been identified and it has also been established that they can effectively be addressed, Lenovo Computer manufacturing company would be able to roll out its program of producing new computer models. The company would hence be able to go ahead with the program without any problem. At this point, measures of addressing constraints that are likely to arise would have been put in place already (Denicolo Becker, 2012, pp. 1-2). The laptops would be portable and have the highest processing speeds of all laptops in the market. Rival companies have have failed to invent new laptop models. Computer users have complained over the past regarding the failure in growth of the laptop manufacturing industry. Laptop manufacturing companies have developed fear for constraints that are associated with development of new laptop models. However, Lenovo company has the capacity to identify and address the expected constraints. It is therefore appropriate for Lenovo to be the first in filling the gap that is existing in the market. Lenovo would hence attract many new customers who will be attracted to the new Lenovo computer models. Therefore, the research aims at developing a Lenovo computer model that meets the specifis needs of the consumers which other brands have failed to satisfy. Lenovo Company targets students in higher learning institutions across the world. The students require small, portable, efficient and good looking laptop models for their research work. The students are in their youthful stage. As a result, they prefer new and emerging technologies. Upon the production of the Lenovo laptop computers, a sample of 5000 laptops would be given for free to students in selected higher institutions of higher learning spread across the world. The company would then collect the views of the selected sample in regard to the new Lenovo computer models. Due to the far-fetched locations of universities, tertiary colleges and polytechnics a cross the world, there is need for a data collection method that would work effectively without major challenges. The company would collect the email addresses of the particular students so that they would be engaged via emails. Online questionnaires would be sent to the students for filling and thereafter they would email them back to the company Management. Lenovo would also carry out data collection via its Facebook account. Many students have Facebook accounts and hence would easily share information with the company via the platform. The sampling frame would be based on the companys sales data base. Information from Lenovo sales data base shows that majority of its customers are students in institutions of higher learning. In addition, the group of customer frequently engage the company via email and Facebook. The sample must therefore be obtained from the student population. Probability sampling method of simple random sampling would be used. The method gives every member of the population an equal opportunity of being selected. As a result, there would be no bias during the selection process. Nonprobability sampling method is prone to biasness which may alter results at the end. The company intend to use a sample size of 5,000 people. Several questions may be raised on how the sample population has been arrived at. Lenovo Company has considered many factors, among them the cost of the study, requirements for proper analysis of the data and the study purpose. 5,000 students spread across institutions of higher learning a cross the world would be sampled. They would be sampled because majority of Lenovo customers are drawn from such students. Since the students are based in far locations in different parts of the world, they would be sampled through emails and Facebook. The sampling would be done immediately the proposal is approved. The operational plan would be executed once the sample plan has been checked and approved by the manager (Ogden Goldberg, 2002, p. 12). Conclusion There are conceptual frameworks that are necessary for the development of new computer models. In the event that the conceptual frameworks are not addressed, then failure is likely to occur. Development of new computer models is associated with constraints that should be keenly looked into. The constraints include time and resource among many others. Time is essential in the development of new projects. It would be needless to develop a project that is not favored by time. A thorough research must, therefore, be done to ascertain that the intended project would fit within the time. The available resources must also be adequate enough for the entire project. In addition, it is important to find out whether customers would embrace the new models or not. It would be needless to carry on with a project that is not acceptable among customers. A simple design model is always carried out to gauge the feelings of the customers and also to collect their views. The company also uses the opport unity in determining whether the constraints have been well taken care of or not. References: Denicolo, P. Becker, L., 2012. Developing Research Proposals. s.l.:SAGE. Denscombe, Martyn, 2012. Research Proposals: A Practical Guide: A Practical Guide. s.l.:McGraw-Hill Education (UK. Maree, K. Westhuizen, C. v. d., 2009. Head Start in Designing Research Proposals in the Social Sciences. s.l.:Juta and Company Ltd. Ogden, T. E. Goldberg, I. A., 2002. Research Proposals: A Guide to Success. s.l.:Academic Press. Punch, K. F., 2006. Developing Effective Research Proposals. London : SAGE. Punch, K. F., 2015. Developing Effective Research Proposals. London: SAGE.

Sample Final Exam free essay sample

The company currently has earnings per share of $8. 25. The company has no growth and pays out all earnings as dividends. It has a new project which will require an investment of $1. 60 per share today (at time zero). The project will increase the earnings by $0. 40 per share indefinitely starting one year after the investment. Investors require a 10 percent return on XYZ stock. Assume the firm just paid the dividend of $8. 25 yesterday. a) What is the value per share of the company’s stock assuming the firm does not undertake the investment opportunity? 5 pts) b) If the company does undertake the investment what is the value per share now? (10 pts) c) What will the value per share be 3 years from now? (5 pts) Solution: a) P = Dividend / R = 8. 25 / 0. 1 = $ 82. 5 b) NPVGO = (-1. 60 + 0. 40 / 0. 1) = $ 2. 40 So the stock price will be: 82. 5 + 2. 40 = 84. 90 c) (8. 25 + 0. 40) / 0. 1 = 86. 5 Question 3 – Portfolio Variance Suppose the expected returns and standard devia tion of stocks A and B are E(Ra) = 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Final Exam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 13, E(Rb) = 0. 19, ? a = 0. 38, ? b = 0. 62 respectively. ) Calculate the expected return and standard deviation for a portfolio that is composed of 45 percent A and 55 percent B when the correlation coefficient between the returns on A and B is 0. 5 (10 pts) b) How does the correlation coefficient between the returns on A and B affect the standard deviation of the portfolio? (3 pts) c) Provide a range for the correlation coefficient where we obtain diversification benefits. (i. e, The portfolio standard deviation is less than the weighted average of the individual standard deviations of the stocks? ) Provide a range where we don’t have diversification benefits. 3 + 2 pts) d) For some values of correlation coefficient, we can achieve a portfolio standard deviation of almost zero. TRUE or FALSE? ( 2 pts) Solution: a) The expected return of the portfolio is the sum of the weight of each asset times the expected return of each asset, so: E(RP) = wAE(RA) + wBE(RB) E(RP) = . 45(. 13) + . 55(. 19) E(RP) = . 1630 or 16. 30% The variance of a portfolio of two assets can be expressed as: ([pic] = w[pic]([pic] + w[pic]([pic] + 2wAwB(A(B(A,B ([pic] = . 452(. 382) + . 552(. 622) + 2(. 45)(. 55)(. 38)(. 62)(. 50) ([pic] = . 20383 So, the standard deviation is: (P = (. 20383)1/2 = . 4515 or 45. 15% b) As Stock A and Stock B become less correlated, or more negatively correlated, the standard deviation of the portfolio decreases. c) corr lt; 1 (strictly less), corr = 1 d) TRUE Question 4 – CAPM and SML Suppose that you observe the following information. Assume these securities are correctly priced. Beta Expected Return XYZ Corp: 1. 4 0. 150 ABC Corp: 0. 9 0. 115 a) What is the risk free rate and the expected return on the market? 3 + 3 pts) b) What is the expected return on an asset with a beta 1. 6? (4 pts) c) What is the beta on a portfolio consisting of 30% XYZ, 30% ABC, 20% risk free asset and 20% market portfolio? (5 pts) d) If a security has beta 1. 8 and expected return 18%, is this security above or below SML? Over or under priced? ( 2 + 3 pts) Solution: a) Here we have the expected return and beta for two assets. We can express the returns of the two assets using CAPM. If the CAPM is true, then t he security market line holds as well, which means all assets have the same risk premium. Setting the reward-to-risk ratios of the assets equal to each other and solving for the risk-free rate, we find: (. 15 – Rf)/1. 4 = (. 115 – Rf)/. 90 .90(. 15 – Rf) = 1. 4(. 115 – Rf) .135 – . 9Rf = . 161 – 1. 4Rf .5Rf = . 026 Rf = . 052 or 5. 20% Now using CAPM to find the expected return on the market with both stocks, we find: .15 = . 0520 + 1. 4(RM – . 0520). 115 = . 0520 + . 9(RM – . 0520) RM = . 1220 or 12. 20%RM = . 1220 or 12. 20% b) 5. 20% + 1. 6 (12. 20% – 5. 20%) = 5. 20% + 11. 20% = %16. 40 c) 0. 30 * 1. 4 + 0. 30*0. 9 + 0. 2*1 +0. *0 = 0. 89 d) According to SML 5. 20% + 1. 8 (12. 20% 5. 20%) = 5. 20% + 12. 60% = 17. 80%. The security is above SML. It is underpriced. Question 5 1). For a multi-product firm, if a projects beta is different from that of the overall firm, then the:Â  (4 pts) A. CAPM can no longer be used. B. project should be discounted using the overall firms beta. C. project should be discounted at a rate commensurate with its own beta. D. project should be discounted at the market rate. E. project should be discounted at the T-bill rate. 2). Jacks Construction Co. as 80,000 bonds outstanding that are selling at par value. Bonds with similar characteristics are yielding 8. 5%. The company also has 4 million shares of common stock outstanding. The stock has a beta of 1. 1 and sells for $40 a share. The U. S. Treasury bill is yielding 4% and the market risk premium is 8%. Jacks tax rate is 35%. What is Jacks weighted average cost of capital? (8 pts) A. 7. 10% B. 7. 39% C. 10. 38% D. 10. 65% E. 11. 37% Re = . 04 + (1. 1 ( . 08) = . 128 Debt: 80,000 ( $1,000 = $80m Common: 4m ( $40 = $160m Total = $80m + $160m = $240m [pic]

Folk Dances of the Philippines Essay Example

Folk Dances of the Philippines Essay Folk Dances of the Philippines Traditions and Heritage Luzon Region We Shall Never Forget our Heritage LUZON Consisting of the tribes such as Ifugao, Benquet, Kalinga, Bontoc, Apayo, Kalinga, sometimes these are call Igorot. But sometimes that is considered degrading. Cordillera name also used for some parts the Luzon Region Northern most regions of the Philippines, Luzon gets its Cultural influence from Hindu-Buddhist, Spanish and many ethnic religious tribes. All with differences and beliefs. But in all the Cultural and Folk Dances from this region represents all different factions in one way or the other.Dances of Luzon * Dance: Idaw This dance sometimes has many names and different versions. Most common is this dance depicts the hunting ritual performed before a tribal war. The tribes’ men would go out and look up and watch for the scared Idaw bird which is said to lead the tribe to victory. Also look at the clothing, Philippines being a very hot climate, plus the use o f as little material as possible, the traditional clothing was not made to cover much of the body. *Dance: Banga This dance displays the Igorot women on their way to the river to fetch the daily water supply for their families.It shows the skill and strength of the women as they would carry heavy laden clay pots (Banga) full of water. Their grace and agility while balancing the heavy pots, sometimes stacks 5 high, is a testament of the Filipino and how hardships become an art form and talent. As a young girl you would start with only one pot, of course as you become older and more experienced, along with the fact that you could provide more water for your family in one trip. Pots could be stacked as high as 5 or 6. The more pots you could carry showed your skill and also you tanding among the women of that area. They would all gather and march to the river each day, singing a native song which is represented by the flute and banging of bamboo on iron pots in the dance. *Dance: Idudu The family is the basic structure of family life among the Itneg / Tinggian people. The caring for the Children is shared by both the mother and father. While the men are clearing the fields, breaking the soil with bamboo and their feet, the women watch the children. Soon as the men are done, they take care of the children while the women do back breaking work.You can see in the dance how the women will take the bamboo baskets in a shaking fashion like drying the rice, while the men are going in circles in background like they are toiling the land. Then you will see the women put down the baskets fold the cloth into a baby while the husband stands aside. Then the women will turn over the baby to the husband, pick up the bamboo and start toiling the land while the men hold and cradle the babies. *Dance: Ragsaksakan The word means â€Å"Merriment. This dance would be performed after a successful headhunt and also for a peace pact between warring tribes.The colourful hand woven blank ets blankets of life are worn around the neck while baskets to carry produce or rice are worn upon the head. Some versions of this dance use the Banga instead of the basket. Pride and Honour Mindanao Region Filipino is Worth Dying For MINDANAO This is the southernmost region of The Philippines. Being the second largest island in the Philippines, its Culture consists of mostly Muslims or Moro people, also composed of other ethnic groups such as the Maranao, Tausug, Banguingui, and indigenous tribes known as Lumad.You will see a lot of Arabian, and Middle Eastern influence in their costumes and dances. Dances of Mindanao *Dance: Singkil Sinkil dance takes its name from the bells worn on the ankles of the Muslim princess. Perhaps one of the oldest of truly Filipino dances, the Singkil recounts the epic legend of the Darangan of the Maranao people of Mindanao. This epic, written sometime in the 14th century, tells the fateful story of Princess Gandingan, who was caught in the middle o f a forest during an earthquake caused by the diwatas, or fairies or nymph of the forest.The rhythmic clapping of criss-crossed bamboo poles represent the trees that were falling, which she gracefully avoids. Her slave loyally accompanies her throughout her ordeal. Finally, she is saved by the prince. Dancers wearing solemn faces and maintaining a dignified pose being dancing at a slow pace which soon progresses to a faster tempo skilfully manipulate air, or fans which represent the winds that prove to be auspicious. The dancers weave expertly through criss-crossed bamboos. *Dance: Kini Kini Kini means the Royal Walk.Maranao women performed this dance with scarves. The beauty of the scarves and the talent and grace in which it is displayed. Shows their elite social upbringing. *Dance: Pangalay A pangalay native to the Badjao, sometimes known as the â€Å"Sea Gypsies†. Pangalay is a dance that emphasizes the agility of the upper body. The rhythmic bounces of the shoulder with simultaneous alternating waving of arms are the basic movement of this dance. The pangalay is commonly performed at weddings and other social gatherings.You will also see some parts of the Singkil in this dance also. Another part of this dance is also called the Muslim four Bamboos. *Dance: Asik This is performed by a solo maiden, adorned with fine beads and make up, long head scarf. She would dance to win the favour of her Sultan master. Many times the girls would dance to win the hearts of her master or to make up for a wrong she had done. She would give her whole heart and soul into this performance to soften the heart of her master to accept her. LOVE OF LIFE AND COUNTRY VISAYAS REGIONLive Long, Live Happy, Die Proud VISAYAS Being the Central Island of The Philippines, Visayas is also broken down into three sections: Central, Eastern, and Western. Consisting of Austronesians, Negritos, these we Animist Tribal Group. Many others tribes from around surrounding island would come after the downfall or break up of their tribes. Visayas became a melting pot for many different Tribes and Cultural backgrounds. You will find Arabian, Spanish, and some Western influences in the dances of this region.You will see that the dances of the Visayas are more upbeat and exciting, not so much in Drama and tribal meanings as other regions. Visayas Dances * Dance: Sayaw Sa Banko This dance is native to the barrio of Pangapisan, Lingayen, Pangasinan, and demands skill from its performers who must dance on top of a bench roughly six inches wide. * Dance: Tinikling Tinikling is considered the national folkdance with a pair of dancers hopping between two bamboo poles held just above the ground and struck together in time to music.Originated from Leyte Province, this dance is in fact a mimic movement of â€Å"tikling birds† hopping over trees, grass stems or over bamboo traps set by farmers. Dancers perform this dance with remarkable grace and speed jumping between bamboo poles. * Dance : Subli The term â€Å"subli† is from two tagalog words â€Å"subsub† meaning falling on head and â€Å"bali†, which means broken. Hence, the dancers appear to be lame and crooked throughout the dance. This version is originally a ritual dance of the natives of Bauan, Batangas, which is shown during fiestas as a ceremonial worship dance to the town’s icon, the holy cross. * Dance: MaglalatikOriginally performed in Binan, Laguna as a mock-war dance that demonstrates a fight between the Moros and the Christians over the prized latik or coconut meat during the Spanish rule, this dance is also shown to pay tribute to the town’s patron saint, San Isidro Labrador. It has a four-part performance such as the palipasan and the baligtaran showing the intense battle, the paseo and the escaramusa- the reconciliation. Moro dancers wear read trousers while the Christian dancers show up in blue. All dancers are male; with harnesses of coconut shell s attached on their chests, backs, thighs and hips. Pre-colonial dresses of the Philippines

Reasons for Napoleons Defeat essays

Reasons for Napoleon's Defeat essays Why Were the French Armies Eventually Defeated by 1815? Up until 1807, the grande arme of France was very successful, never losing on land. They defeated the Austrians and Prussians at Austerlitz in 1805, the Prussians at Jena in 1806, and the Russians again in 1807 at Friedland, followed by the signing of the Treaty of Tilsit. However, it wasnt until the start of the Peninsular War in Iberia in 1808 that chinks began to appear in Napoleons seemingly invincible armour. Reasons for the eventual defeat of the French army include the drain on resources the Iberian campaign brought, modernisation of the armies of Napoleons enemies, and also better communication and unity between Frances many enemies, leading to his defeat at Leipzig in The Battle of the Nations in 1813, and then Waterloo in 1815. However, the most important reason for the eventual defeat of the French armies is Napoleons generalship after 1807. After the coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon was both the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the grande arme. This gave him total control, whether it was in new campaigns or the need for new equipment he didnt have to answer to anyone, and so if he needed more men he simply ordered that they be gathered. Large losses didnt matter, as there was no-one to protest against him. However, the strains of having to appear in total command both of France and its armies eventually took its toll on Napoleon, leading to some personal decline. He started to suffer from piles, and bladder and stomach problems. He would have outbursts of anger and hysteria, and became more intolerant of other peoples views, and so wouldnt take advice. An example of this was when, against advice he had been given, chose not try and envelope Kutusovs forces to cut them off from their supplies. The battle resulted in heavy losses on both sides, with the Ru...

International Accouting-answers 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Accouting-answers 2 - Essay Example Options on the other hand are contractual agreements where one is given a right to exchange foreign currencies at a pre-agreed rate on a specific date in future. In this case however, the buyer has an option to exercise the contract or not therefore in the event that the foreign currency depreciates, he can opt to pay at the spot rate (Hull, 2006). It is therefore clear that forward currency options are more advantageous than forward contracts in the case of ABC. The calculation of income using the historical cost model means that costs are recorded in the income statement at their historical value or the actual cost when they were incurred. This method does not consider the current market value of the item. Liabilities are therefore recorded at their actual historical cost and it is assumed that there is no change in their value (money has a constant purchasing power) (Power, 2010). The calculation of income using the current cost model on the other hand means that the liabilities and assets are measured using their current realisable or market value. In this case, the measurement of the costs is considered to be more relevant and therefore the amount of income calculated using this method is also considered to reflect the current state of affairs in the firm. It is therefore clear the current cost model provides a more accurate calculation of income since the costs are measured at fair value (Laux & Leuz, 2009). Translation of financial statements prepared in a foreign currency is a critical part of financial reporting in that it allows for foreign investors to understand the financial statements in terms of the principles used in the preparation as well as the figures in terms of the local currency. An investor will therefore be able to make their decisions based on the specific valuations of the company in their local currency while in a case where they are not translated; an investor may not know which foreign